Heroin trafficking from Afghanistan Research Paper

Heroin trafficking from Afghanistan - Research Paper Example Hence, heroin production and trafficking from Afghanistan is a major threat to humanity. Thesis statement: An investigation to unearth the role of Afghanistan in Heroin trafficking to global market and possible preventive measures. As pointed out, heroin production and trafficking is based on poppy cultivation and opium based drugs. The opium markets distribute raw opium to traders and they refine it with the help of precursor chemicals and produce heroin. But these refinement workshops are located near to the border areas and poppy farms. So the government control over these areas become limited and it helps the heroin traffickers to form a parallel governing system. The refinement workshops make use of typical equipments for the basic processing of opium. But further refining needs technical expertise and it is provided by some foreign chemists. Morphine base, crude form of heroine is produced from opium. But it is difficult to produce heroin from morphine base. For instance, the heroin traffickers make use of mobile labs to overcome this trouble. Innovative methods like usage of large trucks for the production of heroin help the traders to keep themselves away from the authorities. Some Afghani districts like Nangarhar’s Achin are notorious for heroin labs and large scale heroin production. Frank Clements in the work ‘Conflict in Afghanistan: a historical encyclopedia’ opines that large scale refinement of heroin in Afghanistan helps to smuggle the same through borders without further difficulties (Clements 78). When the refinement process becomes more difficult, cost and demand of pure heroin in the global market shows increasing tendency. Earlier, refining opium was done in Pakistan or Turkey. But in 1995, the Pakistani authorities destroyed illegal workshops and it helped to hinder heroin trafficking from Afghanistan to Pakistan. But the heroin traders discovered an innovative way to handle this situation. They

Popular translation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Popular translation - Coursework Example Similarly, implementing the use of hydrogen fuel cell cars is another problem that can take decades. Engineers have tried unsuccessfully to come up with inexpensive hydrogen-powered fuel cells. Creating extensive storage facilities and transportation infrastructure for these vehicles is also a problem. However, chemical engineers have the potential to provide solutions to this problem though through thorough research. When comparing hydrogen fuel cells and internal combustion engines, you will find that fuel cells produce power at a higher cost of more than $ 2,000 per kilowatt. On the other hand, internal combustion engines generate power at a lower cost of around $35 per kilowatt. Therefore, this makes it expensive for the public. In terms of the operating lifetime between the two, internal combustion engines have at least 5,000 hours of driving compared to the 1,000 hours of fuel cells (National Research Council 2003). Therefore, fuel cells wear out faster than internal combustion engines. For example, if a person buys a new car he or she expects it to last for about 10 or more years. It is about 3,000 or more hour of driving time. In case you use fuel cell which only last for 1,000 hours, then practically it is not quite right. As chemical engineers, we can solve this critical and technical issue of making hydrogen fuel cells a reality and replace internal combustion engines but it would take

Assessment in Mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Assessment in Mathematics - Essay Example Use of reasoning can only be achieved through questioning, a major theme in this essay. Additionally, learning cannot be termed successful if the learners have not been assessed (Black & William, 2001). From a simple question, a lot can be derived from just a single concept. This essay shall center on the implications of assessment on the teaching and learning environment in relation to the national and school’s policy. 1.0. Introduction In the course of teaching and learning, it is of the essence that a myriad of tests are given to learners so as to make certain that the learners are well tested on the concepts taught in the classroom. With the concepts trained in Mathematics are mostly concerned with solving problems, the teachers cannot confine themselves on multiple choice questions, but quizzes that are meant to define the weight of understanding of the whole concept by the students. With the learners being subjected to challenging concepts by the day, the learners are at mot times at par with the concepts being taught in the classroom setting. This leads to the theory that both the formative and summative assessments cannot be estranged in the success of teaching and education and Mathematics. Analysts and researchers in the field of schooling claim that, no learning structure can be viewed as successful if the students have not been evaluated, and given a chance to improve on the previously achieved scores. With the learners having a chance to assess their improvement, learning becomes a joint approach between the educators and the learners. According to Donald &Ainsworth (2006), formative evaluation as compared to summative evaluation allows learners have an immediate assessment strategy on the concepts being taught in the learning environment. Detection of limitations they have on a certain concept, they are able to take charge of what they need to improve on, in the course of learning. Summative assessment on the other hand, is only designed fo r the long term results and grading of the learners. Critics argue that summative assessment is more of a tool that shifts its energies to general assessment of the learners, not considering the aspect of improving the learners’ ability on an immediate manner. In this case, it is warranted to make the assumption that formative assessment are of great importance to teaching and learning as compared to summative education (Stanley & Moore, 2009). Additionally, Lester & National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2007) indicate that if educators select formative assessments over summative assessments, their learners stand a better chance to have close monitoring of the learner progress and assistance on the tasking topics in the course of learning. Positive results are likely to be yielded in the learning environment with the educators devising the best approaches to apply while teaching. Positive results, new trends picked by the learners and varying responses can be well reco rded in the learning environment in the case of formative assessment, since the entire process is continuous. This essay shall focus on the current national policy on assessment in Mathematics, the school policy on assessment, after that give a critical reflection of my personal classroom practice with assessment in Mathematics. Finally, the essay shall make a conclusion on the importance of theories of assessment in Mathematics among my learners. 2.0. Body 2.1. Current national policy on assessment in Mathematics Maughan & Cooper (2010) indicate that in the UK, there have been massive attempts by

MGT509 - Human Resource Management Mod 3 SLP Essay

MGT509 - Human Resource Management Mod 3 SLP - Essay Example After taking the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory Test, the scores that I received were 3.73 in regard to Hostile Sexism and 2.82 in relation to Benevolent Sexism. This compares to 1.9 for Hostile Sexism and 2.0 for Benevolent Sexism being the average for the USA, so both my scores were on the higher side and above the average scores for males and females here. This was a little surprising for me, because most of the time I consider myself a traditionalist and am respectful towards women. Anyhow, it could be an eye opener to any gender prejudices I am harboring. When I compared my scores to those from Germany, I was surprised to find that the average males and females both had lower scores than mine in regard to both dimensions. The average score was 1.8 for Hostile Sexism and 2.2 for Benevolent Sexism there. Comparing my scores to those from Peru, I found that the average female rated 2.6 regarding Hostile Sexism and 2.8 regarding Benevolent Sexism. The males were a little higher on both dimensions but still lower than mine. When I compared my scores to those from Japan, I found that the scores of both males and females were less than my own. The females rated around 2.6 for Hostile Sexism and 2.8 for Benevolent Sexism. These scores were a little less than mine. The male scores for Japan were about two points higher than the females. Lastly taking the case of an African country, I considered the scores in South Africa. The scores here indicate that there is a very high rate of Hostile Sexism among the males and females alike, while there was also a very high rate of Benevolent Sexism among both sexes. The city of Johannesburg in South Africa a few years ago used to be considered the ‘rape capital’ of the world, with a rape occurring once every three minutes (Lindow, 2009). The scores were higher than mine on both counts. This means that the females here

Theories of Public Policy and Administration Coursework

Theories of Public Policy and Administration - Coursework Example The founding and supporting theorists go further to claim that emancipator transformation in societies is important bearing the fact that contemporary social existence fails to address the basic issues needed by the civilized citizens. In a move to simplify this theory, the founding theorists of the Critical Social theory hold that life in the modern world is equally irrational as in the postmodern societies. Even with the expansive and increasing democracies in the modern societies, irrationality continues to persist as individuals and nations annihilate each other. Social condemnations, unhappiness, servitude, corruption that makes some communities continue in poverty as other prospers define just but a few characteristics of the modern world that are under criticism by the founding theorists. As observed By Leonardo (2004), the Critical social theory makes social analysis by focusing on the historical events and their longitudinal changes earmarked and noted by the end of work or transformation. Another theory of Public policy and administration is the Complexity theory developed and investigated by George Cowan of the Santa Fe Institute in I984 and Stephen Wolfram of the Center for Complexity in Illinois in 1986 (Klijn, 2007). According to the proposers of the theory, the whole or entire system is easily managed and very efficient compared to the sum of the parts or work done by individual parts of the system. As the depiction of the theory, complex systems include numerous interacting parts with each behaving in the local setting in accordance with the laws, forces, and rules that override the system. In simple terms, the complex theory holds that systems are self-organizing and produce results that when traced cannot lead to the contribution of each part in ensuring the resultant outcome.

Deregulation Act of 1978 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Deregulation Act of 1978 - Essay Example The Airline Deregulation Act’s intention was to stop government control over airline industry policies. The control was majorly over routes, fares, and market entry of new airlines from commercial aviation. The government approved this Act on 24th October, 1978 and President Jimmy Carter signed it into law four days later (Kaps, 1997). Before the Act, the industry was more of a public utility with a government agency. The CAB; Civil Aeronautics Board determined the routes taken by each airline and the prices they charged their passengers. This has changed ever since after the incorporation of the Act which has seen the market shift to a market –driven industry. The customer demand determined the level of service and price charge. The deregulation Act came by after several flaws in the airline industry. One of them was the Middle Eastern oil case; this led to a rise in price of fuel costs. This shoot up in fuel cost led to price inflation. Another flaw was the development of the wide body aircraft that allowed for carriage of increased capacity to different and many routes with one flight. These two cases came when there was an economic fall that led to a strain on the airlines. This fall led to failure in the airline businesses, and rising fuel prices did not aid the situation at all. The Civil Aeronautics Board in response to this situation and trying to ensure reasonable return for the airlines allowed the different carriers to increase fares. It also embarked on a four year suspension by the carriers on authorizing new services and approved agreements among the airlines to limit the carriage capacity on specific routes. The public did not welcome this move with open arms the fares had increased. The airlines also did not see much change on the Civil Aeronautics Board last decision as through the 1970’s their earnings were poor despite the

Jewish marriage ceremony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jewish marriage ceremony - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that marriage has different meanings for different societies. For some societies, marriage is associated with social and legal implications. Other societies attach strong cultural and religious traditions to marriage. In the Jewish society, marriage is not a mere social arrangement or a contractual engagement. It amounts to a bonding of spiritual nature, which is meant to fulfill what the Jews refer to a mitzvah, which is perceived as a highly divine dictum. It involves complete devotion of the bride’s life to the groom and vice versa and, as Kabbalists would put it, the two souls, upon marriage, are automatically integrated into one, which exists in two different bodies. In the traditional sense, a Jewish marriage cannot be said to happen by chance in any way – it involves what people from western countries do not seem to embrace, referring to it as the old-fashioned way. As such, the first step that defines the uniqueness in Jewish marriages is referred to as matchmaking or shidduch. The meet-up process is not spontaneous and does not rely purely on external influences; it is planned by a person who is close enough to the young man or woman seeking a partner to know the kind of person that he or she would want to be with and suggest a meeting. All of which has to go according to plan. This is an important step in an effort to ensure that the two are compatible with each other.